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Production equipment requirements

It first must be noted that the production of pellets requires a system, a complete
production system rather than the simple purchase of one machine.

Moving forward from this point. The first control specification in the production system
is the fact that feedstock control is critical for a successful production operation with this
control being composed of two major phases;

1 - The wood being used must be as consistent as possible, meaning - type, species,
where grown, previous production processes applied, etc. This can be controlled in a
number of ways, either with initial purchasing control, and/or blending the as-received
feedstock in some manner which could be as simple as constantly mixing it on a concrete
receiving pad with a front end loader. If there is a wide range in the wood being
received, many producers use a process of storing the different woods in separate bins,
and then metering the appropriate % of each wood to a blending / mixing process prior
to either the dryer of the final grind process.

2 - The second phase involves controlling the feedstock moisture to the needed 10% +/-
1%. The wayside is littered with the failures of those who could not accept nor control to
this degree.


Therefore, the initial moisture of the waste wood received actually sets the system
requirements.

Greenwood ( non-dried wood waste ) - will require hogging to the required size for a
dryer in-feed. This moisture reduction is normally done with a rotary drum dryer in
which a portion of the wood being processed will be used as the fuel for the dryer
burner. This to minimize the cost of drying.

Pre-dried feedstock - waste products such as planer shavings are normally received in the
correct moisture range by the very nature of the way they are formed, where the moisture
control has already been required in order for the planers to function properly. This type
of feedstock generally goes directly to the hammermill for final grind, prior to pelleting.


Feedstock that is too dry - these wood wastes must have water added prior to the final
grinding in order for the effectively wet the wood and allow the lignin to absorb water
before the wood reaches the pellet machine. Lignins tend to be hydrophobic, thus once
water is removed it is very difficult to get it back into the feedstock and time is needed
for this to occur effectively.

The correct moisture wood is normally received and elevated to a stock bin mounted
above the final grind hammermill. The hammermill should have magnetic protection at
it's inlet to remove any tramp metal still remaining in the flow. The hammermill is
normally equipped with . or 5/16" screens to get the required feedstock particle size
and is fitted with air assist to achieve efficient grinding.


The ground wood now has a bulk density of 192 to 224 kg per cu meter (12 to 14
lb/cubic foot) and is elevated to working bins mounted over the pellet mill. These bins
are configured with twin-screw discharges to provide the constant, even feedrate required
to the pellet mill.

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Production equipment requirements