Traditional and modern technology of charcoal
Charcoal made since ancient times. It is technology complex enough, but interesting. Prior to the beginning of the twentieth century all charcoal was made by traditional methods. These methods cheap enough, but made less charcoal. In the developed countries charcoal make has wide enough application more because it has. Industrial demand in 20 century revealed the new technologies of the bigger scale mainly aimed at improvement of result and quality. Modern technologies, the equipment allow operating to highly productive methods.
In the Stone Age people made and used charcoal as fuel for cooking, agriculture, and also for manufacturing of the metal tool in the Bronze Age. In developing countries charcoal is widely used till now by city and rural people as means of cooking and as fuel with high warming value. The requirement grows in the developed countries on charcoal as fuel for a barbecue. The charcoal considerable quantity is used in copper and zinc manufacture as in manufacture of precious metals.
Heating of wood in the absence of air leads to reception of charcoal. The relative quantity of these three types of products depends on the used equipment and from features of original wood. Moisture content is especially important setting. The seasoned wood makes more charcoal than damp.
At charcoal application for a barbecue presence of pitch is very important. The above the carbonaceous maintenance, there is less than pitches and less smoke during combustion. For metallurgical furnaces the ashes maintenance, the size and force of combustion of charcoal also are important.
Traditional manufacture of charcoal
Prior to the beginning of the twentieth century all charcoal was made by traditional methods. Wood placed in the earthen holes which have been dug out in the form of a boat, shined and covered with the earth. At combustion of a part of wood the temperature for rest coking raises. Alternatively, heaps of wood have been covered by the earth and turf and lighted through apertures in an earth blanket. These apertures can be opened and closed, and new are made to operate air circulation. This method allows supervising better combustion and coking, than a whole method. Both methods exist to this day in many developing countries, mainly because they cheap. However, they often make small quantity, about 1 kg of charcoal from 8 - 12 kg or a wood considerable quantity, inconsistent quality (because it is difficult to support homogeneous coking), and ecological pollution from release of pitches and poisonous gases.
The improved traditional methods of manufacture of charcoal
1970 and 1980 last century efforts for improvement of methods of traditional creation of charcoal have been undertaken, equipping earthen furnaces by the flues made of oil drums and spreading a fire chamber the burnt brick. These methods rely on partial combustion wooden mount for maintenance of a heat necessary for coking. Therefore the quantity of coal strongly depends on moisture content in wood. Thanks to good practice 1кг charcoal it turns out from 4 - 5 kg of the dried up wood. The method when 1 kg of charcoal turns out from 6 - 8 kg of wood is more extended. The advantage of processes using a solid cover (metal, brick or concrete) stems from the hermetic seal such a cover provides, which minimizes the effect of poor supervision and gives more consistent results. Steel and brick kilns are less labour intensive than (improved) earth mounds. However, they may be less accessible to small-scale traditional charcoal makers because of their higher costs. Improved traditional small-scale methods should be encouraged in most cases.
Industrial "know-how" (technology of charcoal production)
Industrial demand in 20 century revealed the new technologies of wider scale mainly aimed at improvement of result and quality. Various types of brick and metal furnaces with automatic or semi-automatic management which considerably increased efficiency (about 1 kg of charcoal from 5 - 7 kg of wood) have been developed and made much more homogeneous dark grey product with higher constant carbonaceous maintenance. It is a lot of factories of such type for today are in a modernisation stage because there is a constant problem of environmental contamination. Such factories let out a considerable quantity of a smoke, the soot covered with tar of particles and dirty air, somebody considers them as threat for health.
New highly productive method, systems of low issue
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Views: 6534 Added: 15-03-2009
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Traditional and modern technology of charcoal
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