Utilization of biomass in Romania
Biomass consumption within the energy resources balance
| Specification | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 |
| Primary resources consumption (PJ) | 2,146 | 1,934 | 1,666 | 1,689 | 1,788 | 1,843 | 1,901 | 1,978 |
| Biomass consumption (PJ) | 141 | 127 | 118 | 116 | 90 | 100 | 123 | 136 |
| Biomass share (%) | 6.57 | 6.57 6 | 7.1 | 6.87 | 5.03 | 5.42 | 6.47 | 6.88 |
The results show that in 2000 only 36.5% of the total national biomass potential was used for energy purposes while in 2004 it has reached 42.8%. The analyses that have been developed have pointed out that the entire biomass amount used to generate energy was consumed for heat generation, as follows:
- Heat generated from wood biomass – 54%;
- Heat generated from agricultural residues – 46%.
Biomass was predominantly used in rural areas and at the town outskirts for heating and food preparation by means of traditional technologies (89% of the total).
Over 14 million stoves and ovens burning wood and/or agricultural waste used for heating or food preparation in individual residences have low energy efficiency and generate high noxious emissions (CO, CO2, NOx). Only 11% of the energy from biomass is generated in relatively modern installations.
Some industrial units, especially in the wood processing industry, have acquired industrial boilers for steam and hot water preparation from biomass (including sawdust). At the same time in several towns in the mountains hot water boilers for heating burning fuel wood for district heating have been introduced.
In Romania there are more than 550 industrial hot water and steam boilers running on fuel wood and about 10 hot water boilers between 0.7 MW and 7MW for heating (totalling 45MW). Today in Romania there are seven settlements that have 38.9 MWt urban heating installations running on wood biomass.
Within the framework of PHARE program, a demonstrative project called “Technical Assistance for Implementation of Strategy on Renewable Energy Sources” has been implemented. Within this project the rehabilitation of the Campeni town thermal plant by using the local wood waste resources has been accomplished having as objective to solve the environmental problem generated by the uncontrolled sawdust dumping and also heat supply to the town population. The 2 x 0.7 MW plant was put in operation on 1999.
In 2001 “Sawdust 2000” project was launched by the Danish Environmental Protection Agency (DEPA) and the Romanian Ministry of Environment and Water Management, a fuel switching project implementing technology for using the sawdust (wood dust) as an energy source replacing fossil fuels in the district heating systems. The pilot project was implemented in a small town in Romania (Tasca) in the period 1999 – 2001 and it consisted in the implementation of district heating technology in Tasca village by:
- construction of a new DHP, equipped with one boiler - capacity 2.5 MWth, running on sawdust and wood waste to replace existing devices and stoves used for space heating and hot water preparation for the population and other consumers;
- construction of a final depot for sawdust, to ensure a reserve, needed for the non-stop operation of the DHP on 7-days basis;
- Installation of heat distribution system and heat exchangers;
- Connection of consumers to the heat distribution network;
- Organisation of wood waste collection from the wood processing companies.
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Utilization of biomass in Romania
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Existing sawdust stockpile, Vatra Domei
