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Pellets are refined biomass fuel
Pellets are refined biomass fuel, compressed under high pressure. Pellets are defined as fuel stick with a maximum diameter of 25 mm (the common sizes are 6, 8, 10 and 12 mm), which usually are burned in separate pellets burners, supplied with an automatic fuel supply and fan-controlled air supply. Larger fractions are called briquettes, and are foremost intended to replace wood at manual firing, or in lager boilers.
The resources for refined biomass are mainly by-products from the sawing industry and forest residues. The major part of the by-products is used for thermal energy production on site. The bark is mainly used as internal fuel while the sawdust and shavings are traded. The most common raw material for pellets is sawdust and cutter shavings from sawmill and similar wood by-products. The wood pellets have a very low moisture content, 6-10%, as well a low ash content, approximately 0,5%. These characteristics and the high-energy content are resulting in good logistic, storing and trading quality. It is technical possible to make pellets from many kinds of biomass. Examples on such a raw material are bark; wood chips, energy crop and straw. These pellets can have higher moisture- and ash content.
The process of the production begins with the pulverised raw materials that fall into a matrix. The matrix and a wheel start to rotate, while pressing and compacting the raw materials through holes. After this adjustable knives cut the pellets to a decided length. The last phase is the cooling of the pellets, in order to keep the product as compact and strong as possible. This is the basic technique for producing pellets.
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